Illinois RapidVent, Working prototype of an emergency ventilator for COVID-19 patients
Publications and News
Publications and News
COVID-19 Response: CTS Works With U of I and Carle Team to Develop Emergency Ventilators
CTS News
Publications by CTS engineers
Conferences
2019
Botticella F., Liu Z., Elbel S., 2019, Trade-offs between design complexity and performance impacts for transcritical R744 ejectors, 8th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies, Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 11-13, IIR Proc. Refrigeration Science and Technology, vol. 2019-April, p. 227-234 8 p
Che M., Elbel S., 2019, Application of a new method to quantify local air-side heat transfer coefficient on fundamental geometries, 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Montreal, Canada, August 24-30, Paper 1543
Che M., Elbel S., 2019, Development of a new optical method to quantify local air-side heat transfer coefficient, 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Montreal, Canada, August 24-30, Paper 1541
Che M., Elbel S., 2019, Measurement of local air-side heat transfer coefficient through absorption-based optical method, 9th International Conference on Compressors and Refrigeration, Xi’an, China, July 10-12, Paper 1122
Che M., Elbel S., 2019, Quantification of local air-side heat transfer coefficient using color-change coatings, 14th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics - HEFAT 2019, Wicklow, Ireland, July 22-24, Paper 151
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2019, Performance optimization of two-stage compressor system using transcritical R744, 11th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems, London, UK, September 9-11, Paper 184
Elbel S., 2019, Quantification of local air-side heat transfer through an absorption-based color change coating, Presentation at ASHRAE 2019 Annual Conference, Kansas City, MO, USA, June 22-26, Seminar 60
Elbel S., 2019, Why and when expansion work recovery makes sense, Presentation at the HighEFF Annual Consortium Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 8-9
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2019, Design and operation of a thermal harshness test facility for electric motors in hermetic environments, 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2019), Montreal, Canada, Paper 353.
Zhang Y., Elbel S., 2019, Simultaneous measurement of flow-induced noise and two-phase flow regimes in expansion devices, 9th International Conference on Compressors and Refrigeration, Xi’an, China, July 10-12, Paper 1121
Zhang Y., Elbel S., 2019, Simultaneous measurements of flow-induced noise and two-phase flow regime in expansion valves, 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Montreal, Canada, August 24-30, Paper 445
2018
Che M., Elbel S., 2018, Novel visuali zation method to quantify local air-side heat transfer coefficient, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2176
Elbel, S., Lawrence, N., Raj, S., 2018, Assessment of leakage rate and durability of field-made mechanical joints for systems using low-GWP flammable refrigerants
(ASHRAE RP-1808), 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2375.
Elbel S., 2018, Evaluation of field-made mechanical joints for systems with flammable refrigerants
(ASHRAE RP-1808), AHRTI Flammable Refrigerants Research & Planning Conference held at Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Northbrook, IL, October 8-9
Elbel, S., Lawrence, N., Raj, S., LaGrotta, T., Duggan, M., 2018, Experimental evaluation of flame-free refrigerant fittings according to test criteria specific to R744, 13th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference, Valencia, Spain, Paper 1142.
Elbel S., Lawrence N., Raj S., 2018, Leakage rate measurement and durability testing of field-made mechanical joints for systems with flammable refrigerants
(ASHRAE RP-1808), 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2375
Elbel S., 2018, Quantification of local air-side heat transfer through a novel optical method, Presentation at ASHRAE 2018 Annual Conference, Houston, TX, USA, June 23-27
Kang M., Elbel S., 2018, Performance analysis of active magnetic regenerative refrigeration cycle using transient modeling, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2156
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., Hrnjak, P., 2018, Design and investigation of a transcritical R744 refrigerated container for military applications, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2387.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., Hrnjak, P., 2018, Design and validation of a transcritical CO2 mobile refrigerated container system for military applications, 13th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference, Valencia, Spain, Paper 1301.
Lawrence N., Elbel S., Raj S., LaGrotta T., Duggan M., 2018, Leakage rate measurement and durability testing of field-made mechanical joints for systems with flammable refrigerants
(ASHRAE RP-1808), 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2379
Schmidt, D., Singleton, J., Bradshaw, C., 2018, ‘Development of a Light-Commercial Compressor Load Stand to Measure Compressor Performance using Low-GWP Refrigerants’, 24th International Compressor Engineering Conference, July 9-12, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Zhang Y., Elbel S., 2018, Experimental analysis to mitigate flow induced noise in expansion devices, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2157
Zhang Y., Elbel S., 2018, Modeling of acoustics based geometry optimization of orifice tube design, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2158
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2018, Joining of aluminum and stainless steel for heat exchanger applications, 7th International Brazing and Soldering Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, April 15-18
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2018, Compatibility of filler and base metals in heat exchanger manufacturing process, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2551
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Application of vortex control to an automotive transcritical R744 ejector cycle, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 10-12, Paper 2018-01-0060
Zhu J., Botticella F., Elbel S., 2018, Oil circulation rate in ejector cooling cycles, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 10-12, Paper 2018-01-0077
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Vortex flow control for transcritical R744 ejector systems, Deutsche Kälte‐ und Klimatagung, Aachen, Germany, November 21-23, Paper II.2.13
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Measurement of pressure profile of vortex flashing flows in convergent-divergent nozzles, 17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2414
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, CFD simulation of vortex flashing flows in convergent-divergent nozzles,
17th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 9-12, Paper 2147
Zhu J., Botticella F., Elbel S., 2018, Measurement of oil in circulation in transcritical R744 systems using two-phase ejector, 13th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Valencia, Spain, June 18-20, Paper 1141
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Vortex control for motive flow rate modulation of transcritical R744 ejector systems, 13th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Valencia, Spain, June 18-20, Paper 1143
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Implementation of reinforcement learning on air source heat pump defrost control for full electric vehicles, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 10-12, Paper 2018-01-1193
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Application of vortex control to a transcritical R744 ejector cycle, 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, Beijing, China, April 6-8, Paper 003
Zhu J., Botticella F., Elbel S., 2018, Oil circulation rate in ejector cooling cycles, 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, Beijing, China, April 6-8, Paper 004
Zhu J., Elbel S., Botticella F., 2018, Measurement of oil in circulation in transcritical R744 systems using two-phase ejector, 6th International on Cryogenics and Refrigeration, Shanghai, China, April 12-14
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, Application of vortex control to a transcritical R744 ejector cycle, 6th International on Cryogenics and Refrigeration, Shanghai, China, April 12-14, Paper PB-R-135
2017
Elbel S., N. Lawrence, and, J. Zhu, 2017, "Comparison of various motive flow control methods to implement capacity modulation in HVAC&R systems using two-phase ejectors," 8th International Conference on Compressors and Refrigeration (ICCR), Xi’an, China, Paper F16
Elbel S., 2017, Modeling, design and efficiency of two-phase ejectors to increase COP of transport refrigeration systems, Presentation at ASHRAE 2017 Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA, USA, June 24-28
Elbel S., 2017, Opportunities for utilizing two-phase ejectors to increase efficiency of commercial refrigeration systems using natural refrigerants, Presentation at ASHRAE 2017 Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA, USA, June 24-28
Elbel S., Lawrence N., 2017, Optimization of microchannel evaporator design in HVAC&R applications using two-phase ejectors, 8th International Conference on Compressors and Refrigeration (ICCR), Xi’an, China, Paper F17
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2017, Joining dissimilar materials in heat exchanger manufacturing process, 5th International Congress and Exhibition on Aluminum Heat Exchanger Technologies for HVAC&R, Düsseldorf, Germany, May 16-17
2016
Elbel S., Visek M., Hrnjak P., 2016, A fair comparison of CO2 and propane used in light commercial applications featuring natural refrigerants, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2429
Elbel S., Duggan M., LaGrotta T., Raj S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Accelerated fatigue testing of aluminum refrigeration press fittings for HVAC & R applications, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2438
Elbel S., Tang C.,
2016, Conversion of platelet incubator to hydrocarbon refrigerant, ATMOsphere America, Chicago, IL, USA, June 16-17
Elbel S., 2016, Natural, low-GWP refrigerants for light commercial refrigeration: examples of successfully converted applications using R290, R600a and R744, Presentation at ASHRAE 2016 Annual Conference, St. Louis, MO, USA, June 26-29
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Natural refrigerants for light commercial applications: a fair comparison of the pros & cons of CO2 and propane, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, August 21-24, Paper 1099
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Experimental comparison of the performance of a CO2 ejector cycle for transcritical and subcritical operation, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, August 21-24, Paper 1085
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2016,
Experimental investigation of control strategies for off-design operation of a transcritical CO2 two-phase ejector refrigeration system for the cold chain, 4th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, Auckland, New Zealand, , April 7-9
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Experimental study on control methods for transcritical CO 2 two-phaseejector systems at off-design conditions, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, Paper 1083.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Experimental study on control methods for transcritical CO 2 two-phaseejector systems at off-design conditions, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, Paper 1083.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Implementation of a two-phase ejector cycle for R744 glass door merchandisers, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, Paper 1082.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016,
Numerical modeling of the off-design performance of a transcritical CO2 two-phase ejector cycle, 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Edinburgh, UK, Paper 1084.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Numerical study on the design of microchannel evaporators for ejector refrigeration cycles, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2092.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., Numerical investigation of evaporator design in the ejector refrigeration cycle with R134a and CO2, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, Paper 193.
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2016, Performance improvements of R744 glass door merchandiser using low-cost two-phase ejector, 4th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9
Musser A., Hrnjak P., Elbel S., 2016, Internal heat exchanger performance quantification and comparison testing methods including exploration of the effects of location of measurements and oil in circulation, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2453
Visek M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Conversion of cold beverage dispenser’s refrigeration system to R744 refrigerant, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2556
Visek M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., Hoaglan B., Tang C., Smith D., 2016, Conversion of platelet incubator refrigeration system to R600a and performance optimization, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2615
Wenzel M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Design, build-up, and commissioning of 350 kW refrigeration test facility for experimental investigation of large cold chain equipment, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2580
Wujek S.S., Staats W.L., Elbel S.W., Koplow J.P., Kariya H.A., Hrnjak P.S., 2016, Method for determining air side convective heat transfer coefficient using infrared thermography, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2587
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Influence of surface morphology on wetting behaviors of Zn-Al filler metal on aluminum matrix composite, LÖT 2016 - 11th International Conference on Brazing, High Temperature Brazing and Diffusion Bonding, Aachen, Germany, June 7-9
Zhao H., Raghunandanan S., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, A study of microchannel heat exchanger performance associated with the manufacturing process, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2545
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, A new control mechanism for two-phase ejector in vapor compression cycles using adjustable motive nozzle inlet vortex, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2076
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, Modeling of initially subcooled flashing vortex flow in the nozzle for possible applications in the control of ejector cooling cycles, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2368
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, Vortex tube heat booster to improve performance of heat driven cooling cycles for automotive applications, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 12-14, Paper 2016-01-0245
Zou, Y., Li, H.Z., Tang, K., Hrnjak, P.S., Round-tube and Microchannel Heat Exchanger Modeling at Wet Air Condition, The 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, 2016.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016, Numerical study on the design of microchannel evaporators for ejector refrigeration cycles, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2092.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., Numerical investigation of evaporator design in the ejector refrigeration cycle with R134a and CO2, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, Paper 193.
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2016, Performance improvements of R744 glass door merchandiser using low-cost two-phase ejector, 4th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9
Musser A., Hrnjak P., Elbel S., 2016, Internal heat exchanger performance quantification and comparison testing methods including exploration of the effects of location of measurements and oil in circulation, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2453
Visek M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Conversion of cold beverage dispenser’s refrigeration system to R744 refrigerant, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2556
Visek M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., Hoaglan B., Tang C., Smith D., 2016, Conversion of platelet incubator refrigeration system to R600a and performance optimization, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2615
Wenzel M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Design, build-up, and commissioning of 350 kW refrigeration test facility for experimental investigation of large cold chain equipment, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2580
Wujek S.S., Staats W.L., Elbel S.W., Koplow J.P., Kariya H.A., Hrnjak P.S., 2016, Method for determining air side convective heat transfer coefficient using infrared thermography, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2587
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, Influence of surface morphology on wetting behaviors of Zn-Al filler metal on aluminum matrix composite, LÖT 2016 - 11th International Conference on Brazing, High Temperature Brazing and Diffusion Bonding, Aachen, Germany, June 7-9
Zhao H., Raghunandanan S., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2016, A study of microchannel heat exchanger performance associated with the manufacturing process, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2545
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, A new control mechanism for two-phase ejector in vapor compression cycles using adjustable motive nozzle inlet vortex, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2076
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, Modeling of initially subcooled flashing vortex flow in the nozzle for possible applications in the control of ejector cooling cycles, 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, Paper 2368
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2016, Vortex tube heat booster to improve performance of heat driven cooling cycles for automotive applications, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 12-14, Paper 2016-01-0245
Zou, Y., Li, H.Z., Tang, K., Hrnjak, P.S., Round-tube and Microchannel Heat Exchanger Modeling at Wet Air Condition, The 16th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, 2016.
2015
Elbel S., Wujek S., Hrnjak P., 2015, Waste heat driven cooling by vapor jet ejector, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 297Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2015, Experimental investigation of two-phase ejector liquid recirculation cycles with R410A, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 194
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2015, Numerical investigation of evaporator design in the ejector refrigeration cycle with R134a and CO2, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 193
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2015, Numerical investigation of the effect of microchannel evaporator design on the performance of two-phase ejector automotive air conditioning cycles, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 21-23, Paper 2015-01-0362
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2015, Study on the use of ejectors for capacity modulation and performance improvement in CO2 commercial refrigeration systems, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 195
Padilla Fuentes Y., Hrnjak P., Elbel S., 2015, High-efficiency, low-cost glass door merchandisers using transcritical carbon dioxide, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 305
Padilla Fuentes Y., Hrnjak P., Elbel S., 2015, Low-charge propane refrigeration system technology for single and multi-door bottle coolers, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 303
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2015, An investigation on thermal integrity of brazed heat transfer devices, Proceedings of the 6th International Brazing and Soldering Conference (IBSC), Long Beach, CA, April 19-22
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2015, Low temperature controlled atmosphere brazing of aluminum matrix composite, Proceedings of the 6th International Brazing and Soldering Conference (IBSC), Long Beach, CA, April 19-22
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2015, Vortex tube heat booster to improve performance of heat driven cooling cycles, 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, Paper 299
2014
Benanti T.L., Hessell E.T., Urrego R.A., Wujek S.S., Bowers C.D., Elbel S., 2014, Effects of refrigerant-lubricant combinations on the energy efficiency of a convertible split-system residential air-conditioner, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2499Bowers C., Petersen M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P.S., 2014, Nueva generación de calentadores de agua comerciales por bomba de calor utilizando dióxido de carbono y diferentes enfoques de mejora, Spanish translation of Bowers C., Petersen M., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Next generation commercial heat pump water heater using carbon dioxide using different improvement approaches, 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, Paper 181, published in February 2014 issue of Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado
Bowers, C., D. Wrocklage, S. Elbel, and P. Hrnjak, 2014, "Evaluation of seasonal performance improvements in a 3-ton residential heat pump system using a novel design of integrated electronic expansion valves and distributors," Presentation at ASHRAE 2014 Winter Conference, New York, NY, USA, January 18-24.
Bowers C., Wrocklage D., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Evaluation of seasonal performance improvements in a 3-ton residential heat pump system using a novel design of integrated electronic expansion valves and distributors, poster presentation at the 11th IEA Heat Pump Conference, Montreal, Canada, May 12-16
Bowers C.D., Baker G., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Accelerated thermal cycling test for heat exchangers used in reversible heat pump, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2363
Bowers C.D., Wrocklage D., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Improvements in refrigerant flow distribution using an expansion valve with integrated distributor, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2369
Elbel S., Padilla Fuentes Y., Bowers C., Hrnjak P., 2014, Successful conversion and validation of glass door merchandisers using transcritical R744, 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Hangzhou, China, August 31 - September 2, Paper 44
Elbel S., Padilla Fuentes Y., Bowers C., Hrnjak P., 2014, Successful design, implementation, and validation of transcritical R744 technology for beverage display coolers, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2192
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2014, Analysis and comparison of two-phase ejector performance metrics for R134a and CO2 ejectors, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2188
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2014, Comparison of CO2 and R134a Two-Phase Ejector Performance for Use in Automotive Air Conditioning Applications, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 8-10, Paper 2014-01-0689
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2014, Experimental and numerical study on the performance of R410A liquid recirculation cycles with and without ejectors, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2187
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2014, Numerical investigation of two-phase ejector liquid recirculation cycles with natural refrigerants, 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Hangzhou, China, August 31 - September 2, Paper 52
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2014, Review and analysis of the effect of ejector geometry on the performance of two-phase CO2 ejectors,
11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Hangzhou, China, August 31 - September 2, Paper 53
Padilla Fuentes Y., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Extremely low refrigerant charge beverage display cooler technology using propane, 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Hangzhou, China, August 31 - September 2, Paper 98
Wang, X.F., Tang, K., Hrnjak, P.S., Effect of Pulsation Width Modulation (PWM) on the Performance of an Evaporator, The 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, 2014.
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Influence of surface morphology on wetting behaviors of liquid metal during aluminum heat exchanger fabrication, 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2461
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2014, Wetting behaviors of Al based filler metals on aluminum matrix composites, International Conference on Brazing, Soldering and Special Joining Technologies, Beijing, China, June 9-13
Zhu J., Mohiuddin M., Elbel S., 2014, Vortex tubes used as expansion device in vapor compression systems, 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Hangzhou, China, August 31 - September 2, Paper 43
2013
Bowers C.D., Elbel S., Petersen M., Hrnjak P.S., 2013, Mejoras en el rendimiento de los calentadores de agua comerciales de bomba de calor, que utilizan dióxido de carbón, Spanish translation of Bowers C.D., Elbel S., Petersen M., Hrnjak P.S., 2011, Performance improvements in commercial heat pump water heaters using carbon dioxide, 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, Paper 211, published in February 2013 issue of Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2013, Experimental and analytical investigation of two-phase ejector air-conditioning cycles using low-pressure refrigerants R134a and R1234yf, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA, April 16-18, Paper 2013-01-1495
2012
Bowers, C.D., Petersen, M., Elbel, S., Hrnjak, P.S., Next Generation Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater Using Carbon Dioxide Using Different Improvement Approaches, 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference, 2012, Paper #181Bowers C.D., Mai H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Refrigerant distribution effects on the performance of microchannel evaporators, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2173
Bowers C., Elbel S., Reichle M., 2012, Research, development, and demonstration of co-generation ejector and modified organic Rankine cycle environmental control systems, Interagency Advanced Power Group, Mechanical Working Group Meeting, Arlington, VA, USA, May 1-3
Brown I.P., Critchley M.W., Yin J., Memory S.B., Elbel S.W., Bowers C.D., Petersen M., Hrnjak P.S., Sizov G.Y., 2012, Design and evaluation of interior permanent magnet compressor motors for commercial transcritical CO2 (R-744) heat pump water heaters, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Raleigh, NC, USA, September 15-20, pp. 2790-2797
Elbel S., Bowers C., Zhao H., Park S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Development of microclimate cooling systems for increased thermal comfort of individuals, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2149
Elbel S., Reichle M., Bowers C., Hrnjak P., 2012, Integration of a two-phase ejector into a compact, lightweight unitary-type air-conditioner using R744 for energy efficient operation in hot climates, 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, Paper 180
Elbel S., Lawrence N., 2012, Investigation of automotive ejector air-conditioning cycles, Presentation at SAE 2012 Thermal Management Systems Symposium, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, October 31 - November 1
Elbel S., Bowers C.D., Reichle M., Cristiani J.M., Hrnjak P., 2012, Vapor jet ejector used to generate free waste heat driven cooling in military environmental cooling units, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2164
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2012, Experimental and analytical investigation of automotive ejector air-conditioning cycles using low-pressure refrigerants,
14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2118
Petersen M., Bowers C.D., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Development of high efficiency carbon dioxide commercial heat pump water heater,
14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2168
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S., Measurement of Mist to Annular Flow Development in the Discharge of a Compressor, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, 2012.
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S. Modeling Mist to Annular Flow Development in the Discharge of a Compressor, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, 2012.
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Capillary flow of liquid metal occurring in micro-channel heat exchanger fabrication, 14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 16-19, Paper 2498
Zhao H., Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2012, Controlled atmosphere brazing of microchannel heat exchangers for mini-cooling systems, Proceedings of the 5th International Brazing and Soldering Conference (IBSC), Las Vegas, NV, April 22-25, pp. 183-187
Zimmermann, Augusto J. P., Hrnjak, Predrag, S., and Wujek, Scott S. Developing Mist-Annular Flow of R134a/PAG46 Oil in Inclined Tube at Compressor Discharge,
14th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, 2012
2011
Bowers C.D., Elbel S., Petersen M., Hrnjak P.S., 2011, Performance improvements in commercial heat pump water heaters using carbon dioxide, 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, Paper 211
Bowers C.D., Elbel S., Petersen M., Hrnjak P.S., 2011, Performance improvements in commercial heat pump water heaters using carbon dioxide, 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, Paper 211
Elbel S., Manzione J.A., Collier S.J., Hrnjak P., 2011, Acondicionador de aire del tipo unidad compacta ligera utilizando R744 transcrítico y diseñado para funcionar con eficiencia energética en climas calurosos, Spanish translation of Elbel S., Manzione J.A., Collier S.J., Hrnjak P., 2010, Compact, lightweight unitary-type air-conditioner using transcritical R744 designed for energy efficient operation in hot climates, 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Sydney, Australia, April 12-14, Paper 1, published in February 2011 issue of Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado
Elbel, S., C.D. Bowers, H. Zhao, S. Park, P. Hrnjak, 2011, "Development and analysis of miniature vapor compression cooling technology," 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, Paper 244
Elbel, S., Bowers, C.D., Zhao, H., Park, S., Hrnjak, P.S., Development and Analysis of Miniature Vapor Compression Cooling Technology, The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, 2011Wang X.F., Hrnjak P.S., Elbel S., Jacobi A.M., He M.G., 2011, Heat transfer performance for a falling-film on horizontal flat tubes, ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), Denver, CO, USA, November 11-17, v 10, Parts A and B, pp. 43-50
Wang, X.F., P.S. Hrnjak, S. Elbel, A.M. Jacobi, and M.G. He, 2011, "Heat transfer performance for a falling-film on horizontal flat tubes," ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), Denver, CO, USA, November 11-17, v 10, Parts A and B, pp. 43-50
2010
Bowers, C.D., Wujek, S.S., Hrnjak, P.S., Quantification of Refrigerant Distribution and Effectiveness in Microchannel Heat Exchangers Using Infrared Thermography, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2010, Paper #2117
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Determination of Void Fraction in Separated Two-Phase Flows Using Optical Techniques,International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2010, Paper #2293
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2010, Design, build-up, and performance investigation of a 35 kW (10 Ton) military environmental control unit using transcritical R744 technology, 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper 2205
Elbel S., Manzione J.A., Collier S.J., Hrnjak P., 2010, Compact, lightweight unitary-type air-conditioner using transcritical R744 designed for energy efficient operation in hot climates, 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Sydney, Australia, April 12-14, Paper 1
Wang X., Hrnjak P.S., Elbel S., Jacobi A.M., He M., 2010, Flow patterns and mode transitions for falling-film on flat tubes, 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper 2461
Wujek, Scott S., Peuker, Steffen, Mai, Helena, Bower, Joseph, Koffler, Matthias, and Hrnjak, Predrag S., Method for Measuring Oil Contained in Air-Conditioning Components. 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette, 2010.
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S., Method for Quantitatively Analyzing Flow Phenomena in Annular-Mist Two-Phase Flows. 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette, 2010.
Wujek, Scott. Oil Issues in Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide as the Refrigerant in a Supermarket. 10th Short Course on Supermarket Refrigeration organized by W. Stoecker, Urbana, 2010.
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Determination of Void Fraction in Separated Two-Phase Flows Using Optical Techniques,International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2010, Paper #2293
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2010, Design, build-up, and performance investigation of a 35 kW (10 Ton) military environmental control unit using transcritical R744 technology, 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper 2205
Elbel S., Manzione J.A., Collier S.J., Hrnjak P., 2010, Compact, lightweight unitary-type air-conditioner using transcritical R744 designed for energy efficient operation in hot climates, 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Sydney, Australia, April 12-14, Paper 1
Wang X., Hrnjak P.S., Elbel S., Jacobi A.M., He M., 2010, Flow patterns and mode transitions for falling-film on flat tubes, 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper 2461
Wujek, Scott S., Peuker, Steffen, Mai, Helena, Bower, Joseph, Koffler, Matthias, and Hrnjak, Predrag S., Method for Measuring Oil Contained in Air-Conditioning Components. 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette, 2010.
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S., Method for Quantitatively Analyzing Flow Phenomena in Annular-Mist Two-Phase Flows. 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette, 2010.
Wujek, Scott. Oil Issues in Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide as the Refrigerant in a Supermarket. 10th Short Course on Supermarket Refrigeration organized by W. Stoecker, Urbana, 2010.
Zhao, H., S. Elbel, and P. Hrnjak, 2010, "Development of novel compact heat exchanger using aluminum brazing technology," AWS 37th International Brazing and Soldering Symposium, Atlanta, GA, November 3.
Zhao, H., S. Elbel, and P. Hrnjak, 2010, "The potential of open cell aluminum foams as fin structures for CAB brazed heat exchangers," AFC-Holcroft’s 14th Annual Aluminum Brazing Invitational Seminar, Novi, MI, USA, October 27-29
Zhao, H., S. Elbel, P. Hrnjak, 2010, "Transport phenomena involved in controlled atmosphere brazing of microchannel Al heat exchanger," 13th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper 2046
2009
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2009, Refrigeración con eyector en aplicaciones de aire acondicionado visión general de la evolución desarrollos históricos y actuales, Spanish translation of Elbel, S., Hrnjak, P., 2008, Ejector refrigeration: an overview of historical and present developments with an emphasis on air conditioning applications, 12th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2350, published in July/August 2009 issue of Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado
Wujek, Scott and Hrnjak, Predrag. Oil Concentration Measurement by Density. ASHRAE Winter Conference, Chicago, 2009.
2008
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Developing Two-Phase R134a Flow after an Expansion Valve in an 8.7mm Tube, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2008, Paper #2398
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Developing Flow Map for Two-Phase R134a after Expansion Device, SAE 2008 World Congress, Paper #2008-01-0736
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Developing Flow Map for Two-Phase R134a after Expansion Device, SAE 2008 World Congress, Paper #2008-01-0736
Elbel, S., 2008, Next generation ECU, Presentation given at the c-dig Meeting at CETIAT/CETHIL, Lyon, France, November 3-4
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2008, Ejector refrigeration: an overview of historical and present developments with an emphasis on air conditioning applications, 12th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, Paper 2350
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S. Using Density to Calculate the Oil Circulation Ratio of a PAG Oil in R134a. SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2008.
2007
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Using Change Point Analysis for Image Processing of Developing Adiabatic Two-Phase Flow after Expansion Valve, 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Conference, 2007
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2007, Experimental investigation of transcritical CO2 ejector system performance, 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Beijing, China, August 21-26, Paper ICR07-E1-72
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2007, Experimental validation of a prototype ejector with integrated high-side pressure control designed to reduce throttling losses encountered in transcritical CO2 system operation, Presentation given at the VDA Alternative Refrigerant Winter Meeting at Saalfelden, Austria, February 14-15, www.vda-wintermeeting.de
Wujek, Scott S., Seeton, Christopher J., and Hrnjak, Predrag S. Online Measurement Techniques for Determining Oil Circulation Rate. 5th Joint ASME-JSME Fluids Engineering Conference, San Diego, 2007.
2006
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Newell, T.A., Two-Phase Refrigerant Distribution in a Microchannel Manifold, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2006, Paper #R161
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Newell, T.A., Two-Phase Refrigerant Distribution in a Microchannel Manifold, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, 2006, Paper #R161
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2006, A thermodynamic property chart as a visual aid to illustrate the interference between expansion work recovery and internal heat exchange, 11th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 17-20, Paper R165
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2006, Experimental validation and design study of a transcritical CO2 prototype ejector system, 7th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-31, Paper 149
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2006, Experiments and modeling of ejector systems, Presentation given at the c-dig Meeting at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, March 16-17
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2006, Development of a prototype refrigerant ejector used as expansion device in a transcritical CO2 system, Presentation given at the VDA Alternative Refrigerant Winter Meeting at Saalfelden, Austria, February 15-16, www.vda-wintermeeting.de
Wujek, Scott S. and Hrnjak, Predrag S. Effects of Oil on a Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Air Conditioning System. 11th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette, 2006.
2005
Memory S., Yin J., Collier S., Gunter M., Hrnjak P., Peuker S., Elbel S., Manzione J., Schultz N., Dolney J., 2005, Using R744 (CO2) to cool an up-armored M1114 HMMWV, Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition (VTMS7) at Toronto, Canada, May 10-12, Paper 2005-01-2024
2004
Elbel S.W., Hrnjak P.S., 2004, Effect of internal heat exchanger on performance of transcritical CO2 systems with ejector, 10th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 12-15, Paper R166
Elbel S., Hrnjak P., 2004, Flash gas bypass in transcritical R744 systems using microchannel evaporators, Presentation given at the c-dig Meeting at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, October 7-8
Journals
2019
Che M., Elbel S., 2019, "An experimental method to quantify local air-side heat transfer coefficient through mass transfer measurements utilizing color change coatings," Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118624
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2019, Experimental investigation on control methods and strategies for off-design operation of the transcritical R744 two-phase ejector cycle, Int. J. Refrigeration, 106: 570-582.
Lawrence N., Elbel S., 2019, "Servicing and installing equipment using flammable refrigerants: assessment of field-made mechanical joints
(ASHRAE RP-1808)," Science and Technology for the Built Environment (under review)
Schmidt, D., Singleton, J., & Bradshaw, C. R., 2019, Development of a light-commercial compressor load stand to measure compressor performance using low-GWP refrigerants, International Journal of Refrigeration, 100, 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.02.009
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2019, "Experimental investigation of the influence of vortex control on transcritical R744 ejector and cycle performance," Appl. Therm. Eng.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114418
Zhu Z., Elbel S., 2019, "CFD simulation of vortex flashing R134a flow expanded through convergent-divergent nozzles," Int. J. Refrig. (under review)
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2019, "Measurement of static pressure profiles of vortex flashing R134a flow expanded through convergent-divergent nozzles," Int. J. Refrig., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.08.023
2018
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2018, Numerical investigation of the effect of microchannel evaporator design and operation on the improvement potential of ejector refrigeration cycles, Energy, 164: 21-34.
Zhu J., Botticella F., Elbel S., 2018, "Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of oil circulation rates in ejector cooling cycles," Energy, 157:718-733
Zhu J., Elbel S., 2018, "Experimental investigation of a novel expansion device control mechanism: vortex control of initially subcooled flashing R134a flow expanded through convergent-divergent nozzles," Int. J. Refrig., 85:167-183
2017
Zhu J. and S. Elbel, 2017, "Influence of geometric parameters on two-phase flow vortex control," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 10(1):121-127.
2016
Elbel, S., Lawrence, N., 2016, "Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology,"
Int. J. Refrigeration, 62: 1-18.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016,"Experimental investigation on the effect of evaporator design and application of work recovery on the performance of two-phase ejector liquid recirculation cycles with R410A," Appl. Therm. Engr., 100: 398-411.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2016,"Experimental investigation on the effect of evaporator design and application of work recovery on the performance of two-phase ejector liquid recirculation cycles with R410A," Appl. Therm. Engr., 100: 398-411.
Wang, X., Tang, K., Hrnjak, P.S., “Evaporator Performance Enhancement by Pulsation Width Modulation (PWM)”,
Applied Thermal Engineering, 99, pp. 825-833, 2016.
Zhu, J. and S. Elbel, 2016, "A new control mechanism for two-phase ejector in vapor compression cycles for automotive applications using adjustable motive nozzle inlet swirl," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 9(1):44-51.
2015
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2015, "Mathematical modeling and thermodynamic investigation of the use of two-phase ejectors for work recovery and liquid recirculation in refrigeration cycles,"
Int. J. Refrigeration, 58: 41-52.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2015, "Analysis of two-phase ejector performance metrics and comparison of R134a and CO2 ejector performance,"Sci. Tech. Built Environment (formerly HVAC&R Research), 21(5): 515-525.
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2015, "Analysis of two-phase ejector performance metrics and comparison of R134a and CO2 ejector performance,"Sci. Tech. Built Environment (formerly HVAC&R Research), 21(5): 515-525.
Li, J., Wang Y., Zheng J., Fang J., Hu C., Wu Y., "Experimental Study on thermal conductivity of sludge in drying process,"Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica 3, 030
Li, J.3., Hu C., Li W., Yu X., Zheng J., Gao F., Xu M., "Research progress in homogeneous oxidation mechanism of element mercury in oxy-fuel combustion flue gas,"
Thermal Power Generation, 1-6
2014
Bowers, C.D., D. Wrocklage, S. Elbel, and P. Hrnjak, 2014, "Evaluation of seasonal performance improvements in a 3-Ton air-conditioning heat pump system using a novel design of integrated electronic expansion valves and distributors," ASHRAE Tran., 120(1):1-8.
Brown I.P., G. Sizov, M. Critchley, J. Yin, S. Memory, S. Elbel, C. Bowers, M. Petersen, and P. Hrnjak, 2014, "Design and evaluation of interior permanent magnet compressor motors for commercial transcritical CO2 (R-744) heat pump water heaters," IEEE T. Ind. Appl., 51(1):576-586.
Hu,C., Zhou,J., Li,J., Zheng,J., Wang,Y., Luo,Z., Cen,K., "Oxidative adsorption of elemental mercury by activated carbon from coconut shell in simulated flue gas,"
Separation Science and Technology 49 (7), 1062-1066
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2014, "Experimental investigation of a two-phase ejector cycle suitable for use with low pressure refrigerants," Int. J. Refrigeration, 38: 310-322.
Li, J., Wu, Y., Zheng, J., Chen, G., "Analysis of the simulation of an Absorption Type Humidified Hot Air Waste Heat Recovery System," Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power 29 (5), 498-502
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2014, "Experimental investigation of a two-phase ejector cycle suitable for use with low pressure refrigerants," Int. J. Refrigeration, 38: 310-322.
Li, J., Wu, Y., Zheng, J., Chen, G., "Analysis of the simulation of an Absorption Type Humidified Hot Air Waste Heat Recovery System," Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power 29 (5), 498-502
Xiong, Z., Zheng, J., Yan, M., "Syngas measurement of municipal solid waste updraft gasifier with the capacity of 25t/d," Energy Engineering, 39-42
Yuan, Z., Li, J., Yu, W., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., "Catalytic effect of shell on biomass gasification," Thermal power generation, 41-46
Zheng, J., Bicui, Y., Chen G., Liu J., "A novel double-stage open absorption heat pump system," Journal of Chemical Engineering 65 (z2), 248-255
Elbel, S., and P. S. Hrnjak, “REFRIGERACIÓN CON EYECTOR EN APLICACIONES DE AIRE ACONDICIONADO VISIÓN GENERAL DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DE DESARROLLOS,” Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, Jul/August 2009 (based on #123 conference publication)
Hrnjak, P. S., J. Manzione, D. Adams, D. Garski, and S. Collier, “EXITOSA CONVERSIÓN A R744 EN UNA UNIDAD DE CONTROL MEDIOAMBIENTAL", Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, September 2009, (Based on #125 conference publication)
Kim, Y. J., J. Jang, P. S. Hrnjak, and M. S. Kim, “Condensation Heat Transfer of Carbon Dioxide Inside Horizontal and Vertical Pressure Smooth and Microfin Tubes at Low Temperatures,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 131:2, 2009.
Pamitran, A. S., K.-I. Choi, J.-T. Oh, and P. Hrnjak, "Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-410A and R-134a in Horizontal Small Tubes," , 2009. í•˜ê³„í•™ìˆ ë°œí‘œëŒ€íšŒ, pp. 1141~1146, 2009.6
Park, C. Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Flow Boiling Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Flow Pattern for CO2 in a 3.5 mm Horizontal Smooth Tube,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 131, 091501-1, 2009.
Park, C.Y., and P.S. Hrnjak, “CONDENSACIÓN, TRANSMISIÓN DE CALOR Y CAÍDA DE PRESIÓN DEL NH3 EN EL INTERIOR DE UN TUBO LISO," Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, January 2009 (Based on #40)
Park, CY and P.S. Hrnjak, "Flow Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Multi-Port Microchannels at Low Temperatures," International Journal of Refrigeration 32 (6), pp. 1129-1139, 2009.
Peuker, S., and P.S. Hrnjak, “Transient Refrigerant Migration and Oil Distribution of an R134a Automotive A/C System,” SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 2 (1), pp. 714-724, 2009.
Wujek, S.S., and P.S. Hrnjak,“Using Density t o Calculate the Oil Circulation Ratio of a PAG Oil in R134A,” SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 1 (1), pp. 362-368, 2009.
Zhang, P. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Air-side Performance Evaluation of Three Types of Heat Exchangers in Dry, Wet and Periodic Frosting Conditions,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 32:5, 911-921, 2009.
Hrnjak, P. S. and X. Tu, “Single Phase Pressure Drop in Microchannels,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 28:1, 2-14, 2007.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “CO2 and R410A Flow Boiling Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Flow Pattern at Low Temperatures in a Horizontal Smooth Tube,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 30:1, 166-178, 2007.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Effect of Heat Conduction Through the Fins of a Microchannel Serpentine Gas Cooler of Transcritical CO2 System,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 389-397, 2007.
Niño, V. G., E. W. Jassim, P. S. Hrnjak, and T. A. Newell, “Flow-Regime-Based Model for Pressure Drop Predictions in Microchannels,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, 12:1, 17-34, 2006.
Tu, X., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Refrigerant 134a Liquid Flow Through Micro-Scale Short Tube Orifices with/with Phase Change,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 30:3, 253-262, 2006.
Xia, Y, Y. Zhong, P. S. Hrnjak, and A. M. Jacobi, “Frost, Defrost, and Refrost and Its Impact on the Air-Side Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Louvered-Fin, Flat Tube Heat Exchangers,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 29:7, 1066-179, 2006.
Bowers, Chad D./ Elbel, Stefan/ Petersen, Michael/ Hrnjak Predrag / Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater, International Refrigeration and Air conditioning conference at Purdue, July 16-19, 2012
Elbel, S. / Bowers, C.D. / Zhao, H. / Park, S. / Hrnjak, P. /Development and Analysis of Miniature Vapor Compression Cooling Technology, 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czek Republic, 2011
Yuan, Z., Li, J., Yu, W., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., "Catalytic effect of shell on biomass gasification," Thermal power generation, 41-46
Zheng, J., Bicui, Y., Chen G., Liu J., "A novel double-stage open absorption heat pump system," Journal of Chemical Engineering 65 (z2), 248-255
2013
Hu, C., Zhou,J., Li,J., Wang,Y., Zheng,J., Xu,M., Luo,Z., Cen,K., "Adsorption of Mercury on Activated Carbon in Simulated Flue Gas with Continuous Components Change," Asian Journal of Chemistry 25 (15), 8765
Lawrence, N., Elbel, S., 2013, Theoretical and practical comparison of two-phase ejector refrigeration cycles including First and Second Law analysis, Int. J. Refrigeration, 36(4): 1220-1232.
Petersen, M., C. Bowers, S. Elbel, and P. Hrnjak, 2013, "Development of high efficiency carbon dioxide commercial heat pump water heater," HVAC&R Res., 19(7): 823-8
Wang, X.F., P.S. Hrnjak, S. Elbel, A.M. Jacobi, and M. He, 2012, "Flow modes and mode transitions for falling films on flat tubes," J. Heat Transf., 134(2): 021801.
Zhao H., S. Elbel, P. Hrnjak, 2013, "Controlled atmosphere brazing of aluminum heat exchangers," Weld J., 92(2): 44-46.
2012
Hu, C., Zhou, J., Li, J., Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Xu, M., Luo, Z., "Characteristics of Homogeneous/hetergeneous oxidation reaction between simulated flue gas and elemental mercury on surface of activated carbon,"CIESC Journal 5, 032
Kondou, C. and P. Hrnjak, "Condensation From Superheated Vapor Flow of R744 And R410A At Subcritical Pressures in a Horizontal Smooth Tube," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55:11-12, 2779-2791, 2012.
Tuo, H. and P. Hrnjak, 2012, "Experimental Study of Refrigerant Two Phase Separation in a Compact Vertical T-Junction," ASHRAE Transactions, 118:1.
Tuo, H., A. Bielskus, and P. Hrnjak, 2012, "An Experimentally Validated Model of Refrigerant Distribution in a Parallel Microchannel Evaporator,"
ASHRAE Transactions, 118:1.
Tuo, H., A. Bielskus, and P. Hrnjak, 2012, “Experimentally Validated Model of Refrigerant Distribution in a Parallel Microchannel Evaporator,”
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 5(2), pp.365-374.
Tuo, H., Hrnjak, P. "Flash gas bypass in mobile air conditioning system with R134a"
(2012) International Journal of Refrigeration, 35 (7), pp. 1869-1877
Wang, X.F. , P.S. Hrnjak, S. Elbel, A.M. Jacobi, and M.G. He, "Heat Transfer Performance for a Falling-film on Horizontal Flat Tubes,"
Journal of Heat Transfer, 2012, 134 (2), art. no. 021801
Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Li, J., Hu, C., "Gas production behavior in pyrolysis of typical combustible components contained in MSW,"
Thermal Power Generation
Yuan, Z., Li, J., Zhang, J., Zheng, J.,Wang, Y., "Study on dynamics behavior in rapid pyrolysis of stalks,"
Thermal power generation 41 (2), 27-31
Zheng, J., Chi, Y., Li, J., Wang, Y., Hu, C., "Feature of dioxin generation during gasification of solid waste containing high Cl in fluidized bed,"
CIESC J 63, 910-915
2011
Elbel, S., "Historical and present developments of ejector refrigeration systems with emphasis on transcritical carbon dioxide air-conditioning applications,
International Journal of Refrigeration, V. 34, pp. 1545-1561, 2011
Kondou, C. and P. Hrnjak, “Heat Rejection from R744 Flow Under Uniform Temperature Cooling in a Horizontal Smooth Tube Around the Critical Point”,
International Journal of Refrigeration, 34 (3), pp. 719-731, 2011.
Li, B., S. Peuker, P. Hrnjak, and A. Alleyne, “Evaluation of Transient Refrigerant Migration Modeling Approach on Automotive Air Conditioning Systems,”
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 4(1), pp. 864-874, 2011.
Li, B., S. Peuker, P. S. Hrnjak and A. G. Alleyne, "Refrigerant Mass Migration Modeling and Simulation for Air Conditioning Systems,"
Applied Thermal Engineering, 31 (10), 1770-1779, 2011.
Oh, J.-T., A.S. Pamitran, K.-I. Choi, P. Hrnjak, “Experimental Investigation on Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Five Refrigerants in Horizontal Small Tubes Of 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 Mm Inner Diameters,”
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54 (9-10), pp. 2080-2088, 2011.
Tuo, H., A. Bielskus, and P. Hrnjak, “Effect of Flash Gas Bypass on the Performance of R134a Mobile Air-Conditioning System with Microchannel Evaporator,”
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 4(1), pp. 231-239, 2011
Zhang, J., Li, J., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., Yuan, Z., "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project mitigation benefits of small and medium-sized biomass gasifiers,"
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 2011 (13)
2010
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., "Effects of Oil and Saturation Temperature on Developing Two-Phase Flow of R134a in An Air-Conditioning System,"
ASHRAE Transaction, July 2010
Hrnjak, P.S., "Issues in Two Phase Flow Distribution in Microchannel Heat Exchangers, KGH - Air conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration" (in Serbian: Problematika raspodele dvofaznih tokova u mikrokanalnim razmenjivaÄÂima toplote)
vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 63-74, 2010
Hrnjak, P.S., and S. H. Hong, “Effect of Return Bend and Entrance on Heat Transfer in Thermally Developing Laminar Flow in Round Pipes of Some Heat Transfer Fluids with High Prandtl Numbers,”
Journal of Heat Transfer 132 (6), pp. 1-12, 2010.
Pamitran,A. S.,K.-I. Choi, J.-T. Oh, and P. Hrnjak, "Characteristics of Two-phase Flow Pattern Transitions and Pressure Drop of Five Refrigerants in Horizontal Circular Small Tubes,"
International Journal of Refrigeration, 33:3, 578-588, May 2010.
Park, C.Y and P.S. Hrnjak, “Pure Nh3 and Co2 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Horizontal Smooth Tubes for Nh3 Two-Stage And Nh3/Co2 Cascade Refrigeration Systems: A Review,”
International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, 18 (2), pp. 85-100, 2010.
Wang, F., Wang, X., Chi, Y., Zheng, J., "Study on the influence of MSW properties upon its gasified products," Thermal Power Generation, (2), pp. 37-40
Zhang, P., and P.S. Hrnjak, “Effect of Some Geometric Parameters on Performance of PF2 Heat Exchangers in Periodic Frosting,”
International Journal of Refrigeration 33 (2), pp. 334-346, 2010.
Zhang, P., and P.S. Hrnjak, "Air-side Performance of a Parallel-flow Parallel-fin (PF2) Heat Exchanger in Sequential Frosting,"
International Journal of Refrigeration 33 (6), pp. 1118-1128, 2010.
2009
Choi, K.-I., A. S. Pamitran, J.-T. Oh, P. Hrnjak, and C. Y. Park, "Effect on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Minichannel Diameter for R-410A,"
설비공학논문집 제21권 제12호, 12,663-670, 2009.Elbel, S., and P. S. Hrnjak, “REFRIGERACIÓN CON EYECTOR EN APLICACIONES DE AIRE ACONDICIONADO VISIÓN GENERAL DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DE DESARROLLOS,” Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, Jul/August 2009 (based on #123 conference publication)
Hrnjak, P. S., J. Manzione, D. Adams, D. Garski, and S. Collier, “EXITOSA CONVERSIÓN A R744 EN UNA UNIDAD DE CONTROL MEDIOAMBIENTAL", Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, September 2009, (Based on #125 conference publication)
Kim, Y. J., J. Jang, P. S. Hrnjak, and M. S. Kim, “Condensation Heat Transfer of Carbon Dioxide Inside Horizontal and Vertical Pressure Smooth and Microfin Tubes at Low Temperatures,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 131:2, 2009.
Pamitran, A. S., K.-I. Choi, J.-T. Oh, and P. Hrnjak, "Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-410A and R-134a in Horizontal Small Tubes," , 2009. í•˜ê³„í•™ìˆ ë°œí‘œëŒ€íšŒ, pp. 1141~1146, 2009.6
Park, C. Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Flow Boiling Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Flow Pattern for CO2 in a 3.5 mm Horizontal Smooth Tube,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 131, 091501-1, 2009.
Park, C.Y., and P.S. Hrnjak, “CONDENSACIÓN, TRANSMISIÓN DE CALOR Y CAÍDA DE PRESIÓN DEL NH3 EN EL INTERIOR DE UN TUBO LISO," Frio-Calor-Aire Acondicionado, January 2009 (Based on #40)
Park, CY and P.S. Hrnjak, "Flow Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Multi-Port Microchannels at Low Temperatures," International Journal of Refrigeration 32 (6), pp. 1129-1139, 2009.
Peuker, S., and P.S. Hrnjak, “Transient Refrigerant Migration and Oil Distribution of an R134a Automotive A/C System,” SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 2 (1), pp. 714-724, 2009.
Wujek, S.S., and P.S. Hrnjak,“Using Density t o Calculate the Oil Circulation Ratio of a PAG Oil in R134A,” SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 1 (1), pp. 362-368, 2009.
Zhang, P. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Air-side Performance Evaluation of Three Types of Heat Exchangers in Dry, Wet and Periodic Frosting Conditions,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 32:5, 911-921, 2009.
2008
Elbel, S. W. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental Validation of a Prototype Ejector Designed to Reduce Throttling Losses Encountered in Transcritical R744 System Operation,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:3, 411-422, 2008.
Hrnjak, P.S. and A. D. Litch, “Microchannel Heat Exchangers for Charge Minimization in Air-Cooled Ammonia Condensers and Chillers,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:4, 658-668, 2008.
Kim, Y. J. , J. Jang, P. S. Hrnjak, and M. S. Kim, “Adiabatic Horizontal and Vertical Pressure Drop of Carbon Dioxide Inside Smooth and Microfin Tubes at Low Temperatures,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 130:11, 111001-1-111001-10, November 2008.
Park, C. Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental and Numerical Study on Microchannel and Round-Tube Condensers in a R410A Residential Air-Conditioning System,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:5, 822-831, 2008.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “NH3 In-Tube Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Smooth Tube,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:4, 643-651, June 2008
Elbel, S. W. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental Validation of a Prototype Ejector Designed to Reduce Throttling Losses Encountered in Transcritical R744 System Operation,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:3, 411-422, 2008.
Hrnjak, P.S. and A. D. Litch, “Microchannel Heat Exchangers for Charge Minimization in Air-Cooled Ammonia Condensers and Chillers,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:4, 658-668, 2008.
Kim, Y. J. , J. Jang, P. S. Hrnjak, and M. S. Kim, “Adiabatic Horizontal and Vertical Pressure Drop of Carbon Dioxide Inside Smooth and Microfin Tubes at Low Temperatures,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 130:11, 111001-1-111001-10, November 2008.
Park, C. Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental and Numerical Study on Microchannel and Round-Tube Condensers in a R410A Residential Air-Conditioning System,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:5, 822-831, 2008.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “NH3 In-Tube Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Smooth Tube,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 31:4, 643-651, June 2008
2007
Field, B. S. and P. S. Hrnjak,
"Adiabatic Two-Phase Pressure Drop of Refrigerants in Small Channels,"
Heat Transfer Engineering, 28:8, 1-11, 2007Hrnjak, P. S. and X. Tu, “Single Phase Pressure Drop in Microchannels,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 28:1, 2-14, 2007.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “CO2 and R410A Flow Boiling Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Flow Pattern at Low Temperatures in a Horizontal Smooth Tube,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 30:1, 166-178, 2007.
Park, C.Y. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Effect of Heat Conduction Through the Fins of a Microchannel Serpentine Gas Cooler of Transcritical CO2 System,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 389-397, 2007.
2006
Hrnjak, P. S, “Carbon Dioxide Systems,”
HVAC&R Research 12:1, 1-2 Jan 2006.Niño, V. G., E. W. Jassim, P. S. Hrnjak, and T. A. Newell, “Flow-Regime-Based Model for Pressure Drop Predictions in Microchannels,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, 12:1, 17-34, 2006.
Tu, X., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Refrigerant 134a Liquid Flow Through Micro-Scale Short Tube Orifices with/with Phase Change,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 30:3, 253-262, 2006.
Xia, Y, Y. Zhong, P. S. Hrnjak, and A. M. Jacobi, “Frost, Defrost, and Refrost and Its Impact on the Air-Side Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Louvered-Fin, Flat Tube Heat Exchangers,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 29:7, 1066-179, 2006.
2005
McEnaney, R. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Clutch Cycling Mode of Compressor Capacity Control of Transcritical R744 systems compared to R134a systems,”
Society of Automotive Engineering Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems,” 2005-01-2033.
Park, C. Y. and P Hrnjak, “Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of CO2 at Low Temperatures in a Horizontal Smooth Tube,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 127:12, 1305-1312, 2005.
Richter, M. R., S. M. Song, J. M. Yin, M. H. Kim, C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental Results of Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump for Residential Application,” Energy, 28:10, 1005-1019, 2005.
Xia, Y, P. S. Hrnjak, and A. M. Jacobi, “The Air-Side Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Louvered-Fin, Flat-Tube Heat Exchangers with Sequential Frost-Growth Cycles,” ASHRAE Transactions, 111:1, 487-495, 2005.
Park, C. Y. and P Hrnjak, “Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of CO2 at Low Temperatures in a Horizontal Smooth Tube,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 127:12, 1305-1312, 2005.
Richter, M. R., S. M. Song, J. M. Yin, M. H. Kim, C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental Results of Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump for Residential Application,” Energy, 28:10, 1005-1019, 2005.
Xia, Y, P. S. Hrnjak, and A. M. Jacobi, “The Air-Side Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Louvered-Fin, Flat-Tube Heat Exchangers with Sequential Frost-Growth Cycles,” ASHRAE Transactions, 111:1, 487-495, 2005.
2004
Elbel, S. and P. S. Hrnja, “Flash Gas Bypass for Improving the Performance of Transcritical R744 Systems that Use Microchannel Evaporators,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 27:7, 724-735, 2004. “Microchannel Heat Exchangers”, KGH, 2004
Hrnjak, P. S., “Developing Adiabatic Two-phase Flow in Headers – Distribution Issue in Parallel Flow Microchannel Heat Exchangers,” Heat Transfer Engineering, 25:3, 61-68, 2004.
Hrnjak, P. S., “Flow Distribution Issues in Parallel Flow Heat Exchangers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 110:1, 301-306, 2004.
2003
Elbel, S. and P. S. Hrnja, “Flash Gas Bypass for Improving the Performance of Transcritical R744 Systems that Use Microchannel Evaporators,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 27:7, 724-735, 2004. “Microchannel Heat Exchangers”, KGH, 2004
Hrnjak, P. S., “Developing Adiabatic Two-phase Flow in Headers – Distribution Issue in Parallel Flow Microchannel Heat Exchangers,” Heat Transfer Engineering, 25:3, 61-68, 2004.
Hrnjak, P. S., “Flow Distribution Issues in Parallel Flow Heat Exchangers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 110:1, 301-306, 2004.
2003
ElSherbini, A. I., A. M. Jacobi, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Experimental Investigation of Thermal Contact Resistance in Plain-fin-and-tube Evaporators with Collarless Fins,”
International Journal of Refrigeration, 26:5, 527-536., 2003.
Giannavola, S. M., J. M. Yin, C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Contribution of Heat Exchangers in Improved Performance of New Generation Automotive Air Conditioning System with R744,” Transactions of ASHRAE, 109:1, 542-554, 2003.
Nino, V. G., P. S. Hrnjak, and T. A. Newell, “Two-phase Flow Visualization of R134a in a Multiport Microchannel Tube,” Heat Transfer Engineering, 24:1, 41-52, 2003.
Tu, X., and P. S. Hrnjak, “Pressure Drop and Visualization of R134a Two-phase Flow in a Rectangular Microchannel,” Transactions of ASHRAE, 109:1, 703-710, 2003.
Tu, X., P. S., Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Refrigerant 134a Liquid Flow through Micro-Scale Short Tube Orifices with/without Phase Change,” Experimental Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 30, 253-262, 2003.
Giannavola, S. M., J. M. Yin, C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Contribution of Heat Exchangers in Improved Performance of New Generation Automotive Air Conditioning System with R744,” Transactions of ASHRAE, 109:1, 542-554, 2003.
Nino, V. G., P. S. Hrnjak, and T. A. Newell, “Two-phase Flow Visualization of R134a in a Multiport Microchannel Tube,” Heat Transfer Engineering, 24:1, 41-52, 2003.
Tu, X., and P. S. Hrnjak, “Pressure Drop and Visualization of R134a Two-phase Flow in a Rectangular Microchannel,” Transactions of ASHRAE, 109:1, 703-710, 2003.
Tu, X., P. S., Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Refrigerant 134a Liquid Flow through Micro-Scale Short Tube Orifices with/without Phase Change,” Experimental Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 30, 253-262, 2003.
2002
Bullard, C. W., J. M. Yin, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Compact Counterflow Gas Cooler for R744,”
Transactions of ASHRAE, 108:1, 487-491, 2002.
Bullard, C. W. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Research in Transcritical R744 at ACRC, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,”
J. Soc. Air Conditioning and Refrig. Engrs. of Korea, 31:7, 32-52, 2002.
Song, S., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Frost Deposition and Refrigerant Distribution in Microchannel Heat Exchangers,”
Transactions of ASHRAE, 108:2, 944-953, 2002.
Yin, J. M., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Single-phase Pressure Drop Measurements in a Microchannel Heat Exchanger,” Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering, 23:4, 3-12, 2002.
Yin, J. M., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Single-phase Pressure Drop Measurements in a Microchannel Heat Exchanger,” Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering, 23:4, 3-12, 2002.
2001
Boewe, D. E., C. W. Bullard, J. M. Yin, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Contribution of Internal Heat Exchanger to Transcritical R744 Cycle Performance,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, 7:2, 155-168, 2001.
Drozdek, J., J. Chappel, C. Cusano, P. S. Hrnjak, N. R. Miller, and T. A. Newell, “Methods for Detection of Lubrication Failure Applied to a Swashplate Compressor,” Journal of Passenger Cars, 109:6, 1553-1557, 2001.
Fang, X., D., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Gas Coolers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 255-266, 2001.
Fang, X., D., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Modeling and Analysis of Gas Coolers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 4-13, 2001.
Hrnjak, P. S. and Y. Mao, “Defrost Issues in Indirectly Refrigerated Display Cases,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 466-472, 2001.
Hrnjak, P. S., M. A. Shannon, T. M. Leicht, and N. R. Miller, “Detection of Liquid Mass Fraction at the Evaporator Exit of Refrigeration Systems,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 40, 773-786, 2001.
Boewe, D. E., C. W. Bullard, J. M. Yin, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Contribution of Internal Heat Exchanger to Transcritical R744 Cycle Performance,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, 7:2, 155-168, 2001.
Drozdek, J., J. Chappel, C. Cusano, P. S. Hrnjak, N. R. Miller, and T. A. Newell, “Methods for Detection of Lubrication Failure Applied to a Swashplate Compressor,” Journal of Passenger Cars, 109:6, 1553-1557, 2001.
Fang, X., D., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Gas Coolers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 255-266, 2001.
Fang, X., D., C. W. Bullard, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Modeling and Analysis of Gas Coolers,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 4-13, 2001.
Hrnjak, P. S. and Y. Mao, “Defrost Issues in Indirectly Refrigerated Display Cases,” ASHRAE Transactions, 107:1, 466-472, 2001.
Hrnjak, P. S., M. A. Shannon, T. M. Leicht, and N. R. Miller, “Detection of Liquid Mass Fraction at the Evaporator Exit of Refrigeration Systems,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 40, 773-786, 2001.
McEnaney, R. P. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Control Strategies for Transcritical R744 Systems,”
Journal of Passenger Cars, 109:6, 1711-1720, 2001.
Shannon, M. A., T. M. Leicht, P. S. Hrnjak, N. R. Miller, and F. A. Kahn, “Thin-Film Resistance Sensor for Measuring Liquid Mass Fraction in Super-Heated Refrigerant,” Sensors and Actuators A, 88, 164-177, 2001.
Singh, G. M., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Flow of Refrigerant R134a through Orifice Tubes,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, V.7 No. 3, 245-262, July 2001.
Stoecker, W. F., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. A. Infante Ferreira, “Application of Ammonia and CO2 in Supermarkets,” Koude and Luchtbehandeling, 94:8, 17-20, 2001.
Yin, J. M., C. W. Bullard and P. S. Hrnjak, “R-744 Gas Cooler Model Development and Validation,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 24, 692-701, 2001.
Shannon, M. A., T. M. Leicht, P. S. Hrnjak, N. R. Miller, and F. A. Kahn, “Thin-Film Resistance Sensor for Measuring Liquid Mass Fraction in Super-Heated Refrigerant,” Sensors and Actuators A, 88, 164-177, 2001.
Singh, G. M., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. W. Bullard, “Flow of Refrigerant R134a through Orifice Tubes,” International Journal of HVAC&R Research, V.7 No. 3, 245-262, July 2001.
Stoecker, W. F., P. S. Hrnjak, and C. A. Infante Ferreira, “Application of Ammonia and CO2 in Supermarkets,” Koude and Luchtbehandeling, 94:8, 17-20, 2001.
Yin, J. M., C. W. Bullard and P. S. Hrnjak, “R-744 Gas Cooler Model Development and Validation,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 24, 692-701, 2001.
2000
Rodarte, E., G. Singh, N. R. Miller, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Sound Attenuation In Tubes Due to Visco-Thermal Effects,"
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 231:5, 1221-1242, 2000.
1999
Rodarte, E., G. Singh, N. R. Miller, and P. S. Hrnjak, “Refrigerant Expansion Noise Propagation through Downstream Tube Walls,” Journal of Passenger Cars, 108:6, 2224-2234, 1999.
1998
Peiroto, R. A. and P. S. Hrnjak, “Eliminação de CFCs na Refrigeração de Supermercados,”
Abrava, Sao Paolo, Brazil, 50-58, March/April 1998.
Rodarte, E., N. Miller, P. S. Hrnjak, “Acoustic Resonance in Plate Heat Exchangers,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 21:8, 626-638, 1998.
1983
Vujic, S., M. Markoski, and P. S. Hrnjak, “On Generalization of Test Results for Air Coolers with Moisture Extraction,”
KGH, 4, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (in Serbocroatian), 1983.
Theses
Bowers, C.D., Hrnjak, P.S., Developing Adiabatic Two-Phase Flow, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center Technical Report #267, 2009
Bowers, C.D., Newell, T.A., Hrnjak, P.S., Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Refrigerant Distribution in a Microchannel Manifold, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center Technical Report #245, 2006
Lawrence, Neal D., Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Two-phase Ejector Cycles Using Low-pressure Refrigerants, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL., 2012
Lawrence, Neal D., Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Design and Control of Vapor-compression Systems with Integration of Two-phase Ejectors for Performance Enhancement Through Expansion Work Recovery, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. 2016
Bowers, C.D., Newell, T.A., Hrnjak, P.S., Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Refrigerant Distribution in a Microchannel Manifold, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center Technical Report #245, 2006
Lawrence, Neal D., Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Two-phase Ejector Cycles Using Low-pressure Refrigerants, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL., 2012
Lawrence, Neal D., Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Design and Control of Vapor-compression Systems with Integration of Two-phase Ejectors for Performance Enhancement Through Expansion Work Recovery, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. 2016
Schmidt, D., Development of a light-commercial compressor load stand to measure compressor performance using low-GWP refrigerants,
Master’s thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 2018.
Wujek, Scott S., Experimental Investigation of an Environmental Control Unit Utilizing Carbon Dioxide for Heating and Cooling, Master’s Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, 2006.
Wujek, Scott S., Mist to Annular Flow Development Quantified by Novel Video Analysis Methods, PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana, 2011
Special Talks & Presentations
Lawrence, N., 2019, Design of a refrigerated transport container using CO2 (R744) as a refrigerant, Presentation at ASHRAE 2019 Winter Conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, January 12-16.
Bowers, Chad D./ Elbel, Stefan/ Petersen, Michael/ Hrnjak Predrag / Development of High Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Commercial Heat Pump Water Heater, International Refrigeration and Air conditioning conference at Purdue, July 16-19, 2012
Hrnjak, Pega, 2012, Technologies needed to advance the position of major natural refrigerants: HC, NH3, or CO2, 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural refrigerants, Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, 2012
Elbel, S. / Bowers, C.D. / Zhao, H. / Park, S. / Hrnjak, P. /Development and Analysis of Miniature Vapor Compression Cooling Technology, 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czek Republic, 2011
Elbel, S. / Bowers, C.D. / Zhao, H. / Park, S. / Hrnjak/Performance improvement in commercial heat pump water heaters using carbon dioxide, 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, Czek Republic, 2011